Gynecology

Your Monthly Cycle Explained

Whether you are having issues related to your menstrual cycle, are preparing to explain periods to your daughter or simply haven’t had a refresher since junior high, understanding your cycle can help you manage side effects and maybe even appreciate how amazing your body is each month. Your menstrual cycle is comprised of the changes your body experiences to prepare for pregnancy; when an egg isn’t fertilized, the uterine lining is shed during your period. Following is a fairly typical 28-day cycle, although this can vary for each woman:
Day 1: Your period starts. Hormone levels are low, so you may feel sluggish or distracted. Periods can last anywhere from a couple days to a full week or more, with the average being four days.
Days 2-6: Estrogen levels gradually increase, which can support everything from good metabolism to better moods and energy.

Estrogen levels continue to increase through day 13, building up the lining of the uterus.
Days 7-14: This week is often when you feel your best; testosterone spikes around day 14. You may notice an increase in sex drive, clearer skin and an energy boost.
Days 14-15: Ovulation takes place; if you’re trying to get pregnant, knowing when you ovulate is key.
Days 16-23: The hormone progesterone surges after ovulation, helping your body prepare for fertilization; you mays also experience increased cravings during this week.
Days 24-28: Estrogen, testosterone and progesterone all decrease markedly, leading to common symptoms of PMS (mood swings, bloating, headaches). This hormonal decline causes the uterine lining to shed, preparing for your next period.

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Tell me more about ultrasounds

If you are pregnant—or struggling to get pregnant—you may have already had an ultrasound. These safe imaging tests, also called sonograms, use sound waves to take a closer look at your organs and tissues and to monitor fetal growth and development during pregnancy. An ultrasound can help predict your anticipated date of delivery and show baby’s shape and position—not to mention multiple pregnancies.

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Ask Sofia: How much postpartum bleeding is normal?

Postpartum bleeding, also known as lochia, is a natural part of the healing process after delivery. According to Dr. Pamela Jordi, you should expect bleeding—with or without clots—like a heavy period for several days post-delivery.

Chronic yeast infections

While most women experience at least one yeast infection—characterized by itching, swelling, discharge and vaginal pain—in their lifetime, about eight percent of women face four or more a year. These chronic yeast infections occur when the normal balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is altered. They can be caused by a variety of factors such as antibiotics, pregnancy, diabetes, genetics, sexual activity and wearing wet clothing. Sometimes, the cause is unknown.

Ask Sofia: How do I know if my period is too heavy?

Over the course of your lifetime, your period will change—and they can get especially heavy early on, after pregnancy or breastfeeding, and even during menopause. However, if your period is starting to feel like it’s always heavy, then it’s likely time to see your doctor.

Gynecology

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Your Monthly Cycle Explained

Related Articles

Tell me more about ultrasounds

The ins and outs of pelvic floor therapy

Ask Sofia: How much postpartum bleeding is normal?

Chronic yeast infections

Ask Sofia: How do I know if my period is too heavy?

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